Nigeria occupies three spots on Africa's top 20 largest African cities by population with an average temperature of 77 degrees F while Egypt also has three of the top 20 largest African cities with an average temperature of 63 degrees F.

List of 20 of Africa's largest cities by population 2022.

Nigeria and Egypt have Six of Africa's Largest Cities by Population.

Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo

Population of 15,628,085

Average temperature in December 75 degrees F

Kinshasa was once known as Léopoldville, named after Leopold II who was the second King of the Belgians. His administration of the Congo Free State was characterized by atrocities and systematic brutality, including forced labor, torture, murder, kidnapping, and the amputation of the hands of men, women, and children when the quota of rubber was not met.

Lagos, Nigeria

Population of 15,387,639

Average temperature in December 81 degrees F

Lagos State was created on May 27, 1967. However, the formal relocation of the seat of the Federal Government to Abuja Nigeria on December, 12, 1991, Lagos ceased to be Nigeria’s political capital but Lagos continues to be the Nigerian economic and commercial capital.

Cairo, Egypt

Population of 10,025,657

Average temperature in December 63 degrees F

Cairo is known in Arabic as Al-Qāhirah, meaning The Victorious.

Giza, Egypt

Population of 9,200,000

Average temperature in December 61 degrees F

Giza is home to many famous Egyptian monuments such as the Great Pyramid, King Khufu’s tomb and The Great Sphinx.

Luanda, Angola

Population of 8,952,496

Average temperature in December 77 degrees F

Angolan food is simple to make good and the classic national dish of Angolan Chicken Stew, flavored with garlic, hot chilis, pumpkin, okra, cooked in palm oil eaten with Funge, a cassava firm dough. In 1483 Portuguese arrived at the current most expensive capital city in the world, Luanda Angola. Portuguese food, culture and language still have a major influence on Angolans. Angola's name is derived from the Portuguese from the title Ngola held by kings of the Ndongo. Ndongo was a kingdom in what is now northern Angola.

Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Population of 7,404,689

Average temperature in December 77 degrees F

Julius Nyerere International Airport is the largest airport in Tanzania and is located in Dar es Salaam. Julius Nyerere International Airport is one of 58 government owned airports operated and maintained by Tanzania Airports.

Khartoum, Sudan

Population of 6,160,327

Average temperature in December 77 degrees F

Khartoum in Arabic is Al-Khurṭūm located in central Sudan meaning Elephant's Trunk.

Johannesburg, South Africa

Population of 6,065,354

Average temperature in December 61 degrees F

Activist Ruth Heloise First studied at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, from 1942 to 1946. She graduated with a BA in Social Studies. First was a journalist, academic and political activist killed by a letter bomb August 17, 1982. During the Truth and Reconciliation Commission hearings, after 1995, it was determined that the bomb that killed First had been put together by Jerry Raven, based on an order from Craig Williamson, a former spy in the South African security police.

Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire

Population of 5,515,790

Average temperature in December 76 degrees F

St Paul's Cathedral is a Roman Catholic cathedral located in the city of Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. Building began in May 1980 and the church opened in August 1985, Saint Paul's Cathedral serves as the mother church for the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Abidjan.

Alexandria, Egypt

Population of 5,483,605

Average temperature in December 66 degrees F

Alexandria, Egypt's second largest city was founded in 331 BC by Alexander the Great.

Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Population of 5,227,794

Average temperature in December 62 degrees F

Addis Ababa is pronounced a - duhs aa-buh- baa

Nairobi , Kenya

Population of 5,118,844

Average temperature in December 75 degrees F

Nairobi National Park is Kenya's first national park established in 1946 located within the limits of the capital city.

Cape Town, South Africa

Population of 4,800,954

Average temperature in December 72 degrees F

Buffelsfontein Farm in Cape Town, South Africa holds the official lowest temperature record in the country of 0 °F. Buffelsfontein record was recorded on June 18, 1996, and because of this, the weather service officially calls Buffelsfontein the coldest town in Africa.

Yaoundé, Cameroon

Population of 4,336,670

Average temperature in December 75 degrees F

Mfoundi Market located in Yaounde is one of the largest food, goods and services markets in Cameroon.

Kano, Nigeria

Population of 4,219,209

Average temperature in December 72 degrees F

Kano is the second largest city in Nigeria after Lagos. Kano state was created on May 27, 1967.

Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality, South Africa

Population of 4,045,000

Average temperature in December 75 degrees F

The name Ekurhuleni means place of peace in XiTsonga.

Douala, Cameroon

Population of 3,926,645

Average temperature in December 82 degrees F

Douala is the second largest city in Cameroon after Yaoundé. The local indigenous language is Duala, which shares its name with the city. French and English are official languages.

Casablanca, Morocco

Population of 3,840,396

Average temperature in December 72 degrees F

The Hassan II Mosque holds 25,000 worshipers in Casablanca, Morocco, North Africa and is the largest functioning Mosque in Africa and is the 7th largest Mosque in the world.

Ibadan, Nigeria

Population of 3,756,445

Average temperature in December 79 degrees F

Ibadan is the second largest city in Nigeria after Lagos and Kano. Founded in 1932, the University of Ibadan was the first university to be established in Nigeria.

Antananarivo, Madagascar

Population of 3,699,900

Average temperature in December 63 degrees F

Lowland rice production structures are well developed and rice terraces are regularly found along the roads between the capital and largest city in Madagascar, Antananarivo. In Madagascar, rice markets have always been important, since rice is the most important staple in the country. Many families eat rice three times a day, and most of it is homegrown.

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Learn who were the Numidian Equestrians.

Numidia was a warrior north African kingdom known for horsemanship. Horses have played an important role in North African culture and history, and continue to be valued for their beauty, athleticism, and utility.

African woman Horseback riding

Horses were domesticated and ridden in northern Africa thousands of years before the birth of Christ. The Numidian Equestrians were a conquering people skilled at riding horses without saddles, and bridles.

Numidians were a mix of dark skinned Africans and European people from the regions bordering the current day Algeria and Tunisia Sahara desert in Northern Africa.Numidians were famous as Equestrians; their cavalry serving under Hannibal during many battles.

The role of the horse in Numidian society were multifaceted with high prestige and importance. The horse was used for hunting, herding, warfare, transportation, food trade, and as a status symbol. Kings Jugurtha, Masinissa and Juba of Numidia were excellent horseback riders.

The Numidians derived their name from the fact that they were brown skinned tribes who roamed on horseback winter and summer with their flocks in search of grass lands and green pastures. For a millennia Numidian horses were domesticated and ridden in north Africa.

Numidians race were a blend of Persian and Gaetulian, present-day Arab-Berbers. The Gaetulians were a black indigenous race living to the south along the northern edge of the Sahara desert, while the Persians crossed the straits from Spain where they had been serving in the army of Hercules.

After the conclusion of the First Punic War, the subject states revolted, and the Numidians were believed to have been the chief promoters of the insurrection. The First Punic War fought between 264–241 BC was the first of three wars fought between Rome and Carthage.

North Africa has a long history of horse breeding and horsemanship, dating back to ancient times. There are several breeds of horses that are native to or have been developed in North Africa, including:

Barb: The Barb is a breed of horse that originated in North Africa and is known for its speed, stamina, and agility. It is a versatile breed that has been used for racing, hunting, and warfare.

Arabian: The Arabian horse is a breed that originated in the Arabian Peninsula but has been widely bred and used throughout North Africa. It is known for its beauty, endurance, and intelligence, and has been used for riding, racing, and breeding.

Numidia was a warrior north African kingdom of modern Algeria known for horsemanship.

Akhal-Teke: The Akhal-Teke is a breed of horse that originated in Turkmenistan but has been widely bred and used throughout North Africa. It is known for its speed, endurance, and distinctive metallic sheen.

Barzona: The Barzona is a breed of horse that was developed in the United States but has North African Barb ancestry. It is a hardy breed that is well-suited to desert environments.

Anglo-Arabian: The Anglo-Arabian is a crossbreed between the Thoroughbred and Arabian horses. It is known for its speed, stamina, and agility, and has been used for racing and sport.

Sudan Country-Bred: The Sudan Country-Bred is a type of horse that is found in Sudan and neighboring countries in North Africa. It is known for its hardiness, endurance, and ability to thrive in desert environments.

Horses have played an important role in North African culture and history, and continue to be valued for their beauty, athleticism, and utility.

Numidians, who were they?

The Numidians were divided into tribes like many African nations however, these tribes banded their expert Numidian Equestrians taking center stage in the many civil wars against Julius Caesar. Numidians were experts at throwing the javelin while on horseback, the javelin was their chief weapon in war.

The Numidian horsemen fought bravely during the Jugurthine war between Rome and Numidia. The Jugurthine War was fought between the Roman Republic and King Jugurtha of Numidia. Numidia was an African kingdom on the north African coast, modern Algeria.

On the death of King Jugurtha of Numidia, Numidia was made a Roman province by Julius Caesar, who entrusted the government of it to the Roman historian and politician Sallust, also known as Gaius Sallustius Crispus.

The Numidians were an ancient Berber people who inhabited the region of North Africa that is now Algeria and Tunisia. They lived in small, semi-nomadic tribes and were known for their horsemanship and military prowess.

The Numidians were closely related to other Berber tribes in the region, but they developed their own distinct culture and society. They had a hierarchical social structure, with a ruling class of warrior nobles who controlled the military and political affairs of the tribe.

The Numidians were also known for their skilled horsemanship, and their cavalry was highly prized by the armies of Carthage and Rome. They were adept at hit-and-run tactics, using their speed and mobility to launch surprise attacks on enemy forces.

The Numidians were conquered by Rome in the 2nd century BC, and they became an integral part of the Roman Empire. Under Roman rule, they continued to serve as cavalry units and were also used as scouts and messengers. Many Numidians also served in the Roman legions and rose to high ranks in the military.

Today, the Numidians are remembered as one of the most skilled and feared cavalry forces of the ancient world, and their legacy can be seen in the horsemanship traditions of modern North African cultures.

Horseback Riding in Ancient Africa

North African Horses.

North African horses originated from the coastal region in northern Africa though trade routes, the Berber North African riding horse or the Barb is one of the oldest horse breeds known for stamina, strength, and intelligence.

Tassili n’Ajjer throughout southeast Algeria in the north African Wilayas provinces of Illizi and Tamanghasset, lies a wealth of rock art depicting the domestic horse and its various uses, providing valuable evidence for the uses from 10,000 BCE to the first centuries of the present era.

Horsemanship is the art of riding, training, and caring for horses. It involves a deep understanding of equine behavior, psychology, and anatomy, as well as mastery of the techniques used to handle and communicate with horses.

Horsemanship can encompass a wide range of activities, including riding for sport or leisure, training horses for specific tasks, caring for horses in a stable or farm setting, and participating in equine-assisted therapy or education programs.

A skilled horseman or horsewoman must be able to read the horse's body language and respond appropriately to its behavior, using techniques such as pressure and release, positive reinforcement, and clear communication through aids such as the reins, legs, and voice.

Horsemanship also involves knowledge of horse health and wellness, including feeding, grooming, and veterinary care. A good horseman or horsewoman will be attuned to their horse's physical and emotional needs, and will work to create a trusting and mutually beneficial partnership with their equine companion.

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