15 African Countries Currently at War
Africa has 54 countries, there are 15 African countries fighting wars and involved with perpetual terrorist violence. Sadly 27% of people on the African continent are directly affected by bloodshed, mayhem, and post-traumatic stress.
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| Cry for peace, not war |
The International Criminal Court Response to War in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Rwanda
There are over 1.2 billion people living in Africa; 44.5 million live with daily threats of terrorism and war. According to the Africa Sun News as of June 2017, there are fifteen African countries involved in the war or are experiencing post-war conflict and tension.
July
13, 2012, The International Criminal Court (ICC) issued an arrest warrant for Sylvestre
Mudacumura, the head of a Rwandan rebel group, as well as a second arrest
warrant for Congolese rebel leader Bosco Ntaganda, for alleged war crimes
committed in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC).
Sylvestre
Mudacumura is the supreme commander of the Rwandan rebel group known as the
Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda, also known by its French
acronym FDLR. The group is the most recent incarnation of Rwandan rebel groups
established by Rwandan Hutus responsible for the 1994 genocide of Tutsis and
Hutu moderates in Rwanda and has been involved in crimes in eastern DRC for
some time.
Mudacumura
is suspected of committing war crimes, from January 2009 to the end of
September 2010, in the context of the conflict in the Kivus in eastern DRC. The
Court considered that there are reasonable grounds to believe that he is
responsible for nine counts of war crimes, consisting of attacking civilians,
murder, mutilation, cruel treatment, rape, torture, destruction of property,
pillaging and outrages against personal dignity.
The
ICC had already issued an arrest warrant six years ago for Ntaganda, currently
a general in the DRC’s national army, for three counts of war crimes allegedly
committed against civilians in the Ituri region from 2002 to 2003. They are the
enlistment of children under the age of 15, conscription of children under the
age of 15, and using children under the age of 15 to participate actively in
hostilities.
The
new arrest warrant is an expansion of the previous one against Ntaganda, one of
the top commanders in the militia led by Congolese warlord Thomas Lubanga
Dyilo, who was convicted in March by the ICC for crimes in DRC.
The
Court considered that there are reasonable grounds to believe that Ntaganda is
responsible for three counts of crimes against humanity, consisting of murder,
rape and sexual slavery, and persecution. In
accordance with the arrest warrant, he allegedly bears individual criminal
responsibility for four counts of war crimes consisting of murder, attacks
against the civilian population, rape and sexual slavery, and pillaging.
The
ICC is the first permanent international court set up to prosecute individuals
for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and the crime of aggression.
In addition to the situation in DRC, the Court has ongoing investigations in
the Central African Republic, the Darfur region of western Sudan, Uganda,
Kenya, Libya, and Côte d’Ivoire.
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| Politics of war in Nigeria |
Community Civil Wars in DRC, Nigeria, and Rwanda
Simmering
rivalry between the Hema and Lendu goes back decades; in the five-year war that
began in 1998, thousands were killed. In June 2018, more than 300,000 people
have been forced to flee resurgent inter-ethnic violence in northeast The Democratic Republic of the Congo due to attacks and counter-attacks between
Hema herders and Lendu farmers.
People
were fleeing attacks and counter-attacks in Djugu Territory, with reports of
both communities forming self-defense groups and being involved in revenge
killings. There were several cruelties against civilians, killings, sexual
violence, and other extreme forms of violence against civilians. Three of
Ituri’s five administrative territories - Djugu, Mahagi and Irumu have all seen
mass displacement after self-defense militia reportedly carried out revenge
killings.
Tutsi rebels continue to fight waging
guerrilla battles in Uganda, Rwanda and Burundi, the ethnic strife that sparked
the slaughters in Rwanda and Burundi continue in the regions.
Hutus first settled in the Great
Lakes Region of Central Africa between five hundred and one thousand BC and
were an agricultural people who lived in large family groups. The Tutsis were a
nomadic people who began arriving in the Great Lakes region from Ethiopia some
four hundred years ago. Eventually, the Tutsis settled amongst the Hutus
adopting the languages, beliefs, and customs.
Colonial rule, which began in the
late 19th Century, did little to bring the groups together. The Belgians, who
ruled what would later become Rwanda and Burundi, forced Hutus and Tutsis to
carry ethnic identity cards. The colonial administrators further exacerbated
divisions by only allowed Tutsis to attain higher education and hold positions
of power.
However, economic differences between
the groups soon began to form. The Tutsis as cattle-herders were often in a
position of economic dominance to the farming Hutus and in many areas, like
Rwanda, the minority Tutsis ruled the Hutus. The only difference between the
two groups was economic, rather than ethnic.
Boko Haram has
displaced nearly 2.6 million people across the four countries around Lake Chad
since 2015. Lake Chad is one of Africa’s great and ancient lakes, sustaining
rural communities on the edge of the Sahara for millennia. Attacks by Boko
Haram in Chad’s Lac Region began in January 2015 when Chad declared a state of
emergency. The Lake Chad region experienced intensified attacks in remote areas
by Boko Haram militants from Nigeria. In 2015, the village of Blarigui, located
in the remote swamplands of the Lake Chad Basin, close to Chad’s border with
northeastern Nigeria, Boko Haram militants moved into the village and killed
eight people by cutting their throats.
According to Amnesty International,
at least 17,000 people, mostly civilians, have been killed since 2009, when
Boko Haram launched its violent uprising to try to impose Islamist rule. Because
of the Boko Haram insurgency in Chad, around 135,000 people are internally
displaced from around the lake to makeshift camps scattered around the Chadian
shoreline, competing for scarce resources with an already vulnerable host
community.
Since May, armed groups have
reportedly attacked at least 12 villages in Lac, particularly in Kaiga
Kindjiria and Tchoukoutalia border areas, where approximately 15,000 people are
displaced, the UN reports. The members of the Security Council condemned
terrorist attacks perpetrated by Boko Haram in northeast Nigeria and Chad
including the deadly attacks in Kwajafa in Borno state, Nigeria, on April 5,
2015 and in Tchoukou Telia, Chad, on April 3, 2015.
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| Central African Republic at war |
War in Africa Facts
· In West Africa, countries at war include Cote d'Ivoire, Guinea, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, and Togo.
· In East Africa, countries at war include Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia, Sudan, and Uganda.
· In Central Africa, countries at war include Burundi, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Rwanda.
· In North Africa, countries at war are Algeria and in South Africa, the countries include Angola and Zimbabwe.
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| Somalia is almost five times the size of Alabama; slightly smaller than Texas |
The skyline beyond the northern suburbs of Mogadishu is seen through a bullet hole in the window of a hotel in Yaaqshiid District, where African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) forces have pushed Al Shabaab militants beyond the city's northern fringes to the outskirts of the Somalia seaside in 2011.
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| Mali is located in interior Western Africa, southwest of Algeria, north of Guinea, Cote d'Ivoire, and Burkina Faso, west of Niger |
Ansongo Mali, the Barkhane French operation war against terrorism photo shows the daily life of French soldiers in the 2013 launch against terrorism. During 4 months, 32 soldiers live together in the desert.
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| Darfur in western Sudan |
Aftermath of fighting in Sudan's North Darfur on March 25, 2014; children stare at the remnant of a mortar projectile recently abandoned in the Alabassi camp for Internally Displaced People, in Mellit, North Darfur following clashes in early March.4 April is International Day of Mine Awareness in Darfur.
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| Somalia is located in Eastern Africa, bordering the Gulf of Aden and the Indian Ocean, east of Ethiopia |
A woman and her young children stand in the evening light at an Internally Displaced People settlement in South Galkayo, Somalia with armed police standing guard. Thousands of people have been internally displaced from the South of Somalia and Mogadishu by renewed fighting in the region since the Transitional Federal Government, backed by the Ethiopians seized control from the Islamic Court in January 2007.
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| South Sudan is located in East-Central Africa; south of Sudan, north of Uganda and Kenya, west of Ethiopia |
South Sudan Defense Forces soldiers and a woman carry their belongings along the road from Agok to Turalei South Sudan. The U.N. estimates 76,000 Abyei area residents fled south when Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF of the Republic of Sudan tanks invaded on Saturday, May 21, 2011, creating a humanitarian crisis. On May 16, 2017, the South Sudanese President Salva Kiir Mayardit renamed the army from Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA) to South Sudan Defense Forces.
A Burundian officer serving with the African Union Mission in Somalia gestures with a Somali man on August 6, 2012, in front of a war-damaged building opposite the Aruba Hotel in the Somali capital Mogadishu. August 6, 2012, is the one-year anniversary marking the date that Al-Qaeda-affiliated extremist group Al Shabaab withdrew from fixed positions in Mogadishu after having steadily lost territory to forces of the Transitional Federal Government backed by troops from the African Union Mission in Somalia, ending their excessively harsh stranglehold on the capital and its people.
The devastating cost of Africa's wars three facts
On average, war, civil war or insurgency shrank each affected country's economy by 15 percent a year, with the continent losing $18 billion annually as a result.
During a 15 year period, the cost of conflict in Africa was equivalent to the funds granted to the continent in international aid over the same period, from 1990-2005.
In 2015 Nigeria suffered the highest number of civilian deaths in African war zones, Boko Haram was responsible for nearly half of all civilian deaths in African war zones.
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