African Food and Art

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Nile Delta Rich Farmland in Egypt

Egypt’s Nile Valley and Delta occupy about 4 percent of the countries land. Most of the cultivated land is located close to the banks of the Nile River.

Egypt rests on the African continent in Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Libya and the Gaza Strip, and the Red Sea north of Sudan, and includes the Asian Sinai Peninsula.

The civilization of ancient Egypt was indebted to the Nile River and its dependable seasonal flooding. The river's predictability and fertile soil allowed the Egyptians to build an empire on the basis of great agricultural wealth.

The Nile River brought silt that naturally fertilized the Delta valley. Egyptians are credited as being one of the first groups of people to practice agriculture on a large scale. This was possible because of the ingenuity of the Egyptians as they developed basin irrigation.

Farming in Egypt


Over 2,000 different species of flowering or aromatic plants have been found in tombs. The Nile Valley is home to the Valley of the Kings, the Pyramids, the Sphinx and temples of Luxor and Karnak. The completion of the Aswan High Dam in 1971 and the resultant Lake Nasser have altered the time-honored place of the Nile River in the agriculture and ecology of Egypt.

The Nile delta encompasses the richest farmland in Egypt and is located in northern Egypt; at the point the Nile touches the Mediterranean Sea. The Nile delta is densely populated around 50 percent of the Egyptian population lives in the Nile delta.



Besides the Nile Valley, the greater part of Egypt's countryside is harsh desert land. High gusting winds are capable of forming sand dunes more than 100 feet high. Egypt includes parts of the Sahara and Libyan Deserts. These deserts were referred to as the "red land" in ancient Egypt, and they protected the Kingdom of the Pharaohs from western threats.

The Nile Valley was home to one of the oldest cultures in the world, spanning three thousand years of uninterrupted history. Egyptian culture as a whole has 6,000 years of recorded history.

Did you know? Arabs introduced Islam and the Arabic language in the 7th century to Egypt. Egypt is also the third most populous on the African continent and Egypt’s capital city, Cairo, is Africa's largest city and has been renowned for centuries as a center of learning, culture, and commerce.

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